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Children, Learning & Development, Parenting

A Quick Guide to Parenting Styles

— Which Style is Best?

There are many different ways to approach parenting. Sometimes, however, it can be a challenge to know which parenting style is the most appropriate for a child and a specific situation. Most parents will want their child to understand the boundaries they set, while also facilitating a happy, fun-filled childhood. Most will also want their children to be kind and respectful to others and become well-rounded, confident individuals. At the same time, parents will need to decide how strict or lenient they are in their parenting approach. Which style is best for the child? Terms like ‘gentle parenting’, ‘helicopter parenting’, ‘authoritative parenting’ and many others are often discussed online and in the press — but it may not be clear what each style means! That’s where today’s Quick Guide to Parenting Styles comes in. It should give parents a better idea of where their current parenting style fits in, and which style(s) may be the most beneficial for their child.

Quick Guide to Parenting Styles

Each parenting style combines different levels of warmth, empathy, engagement, control, and structure:

Authoritative parenting combines a high degree of engagement and warmth towards the child, a firm structure, and clear boundaries. Not to be confused with…
Authoritarian parenting, which combines low warmth, very strict rules, and an extremely high degree of control over the child.
Gentle parenting combines high levels of empathy towards the child, respectful communication, and consistent limits. Not to be confused with…
Permissive parenting, which combines a high level of warmth towards the child, a low level of structure, and few enforced boundaries.
Uninvolved parenting combines a low level of warmth towards the child, a lack of engagement with them, and minimal, if any, structure.
Helicopter parenting combines high involvement and high intervention on the part of the parent, and limited independence for the child.
Velcro parenting is associated with high emotional closeness with the child and difficulty separating from them. It may also reciprocate to result in a ‘velcro’ baby or child.

Let’s take a closer look at each parenting style and see what the experts say.

What is Authoritative Parenting?

With authoritative parenting, parents are warm towards children, showing empathy and sensitivity. They aim to be good role models for the child. Boundaries are set through measured reasoning with children, and positive reinforcement is implemented to achieve desired standards. Punishments and threats for non-adherence to rules are avoided through such an approach, while cooperation and a level of age-appropriate maturity is nurtured.

Studies have shown that authoritative parenting has amongst the best outcomes for children, who tend to grow up academically successful, well-behaved, independent, and well-liked among peers and adults. Incidents of depression, anxiety and delinquency amongst children raised by authoritative parents are also low.

“Research suggests that the best-adjusted, best-behaved, most resourceful, and highest-achieving kids have authoritative parents — not authoritarian ones.” — parentingscience.com

Do not confuse Authoritative parenting (see above) with Authoritarian parenting (see below) — they’re quite different!

What is Authoritarian Parenting?

With authoritarian parenting, the parent uses a dictatorial style that requires blind submission and total compliance from their child. High standards are demanded, and non-compliance is punished. It is not a warm approach, in any sense, and rules are expected to be followed without explanation, dialogue, support, or debate. The parent is all dominant.

While children quickly learn the rules, they often learn through fear rather than through love, reasoning, or understanding. Children brought up in authoritarian households often develop mental health problems, low levels of confidence, low self-esteem, and reduced emotional expression.

“Authoritarian parenting has been linked with the development of mental health problems, including anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem.” — parentingscience.com^∞

What is Gentle Parenting?

At the heart of gentle parenting are high levels of kindness, respect, and empathy towards the child. Children’s well-being and happiness are nurtured. The relationship between parent and child is strong and, in many ways, this parenting style is similar to authoritative (N.B. not authoritarian) parenting. Structure and boundaries are clearly set, but they are applied gently, through reasoning, in a calm and measured way — without the threat of punishment. This is especially appropriate for the youngest children, who have not yet gained full control over ‘big’ emotions.

Children brought up under a gentle parenting style tend to feel nurtured, loved, secure, and emotionally supported. Their feelings are acknowledged and respected by parents, who reason calmly with them and give them choices appropriate to their age, all within clearly defined boundaries. With gentle parenting, it’s important to maintain those limits, however, otherwise there is a risk of this parenting style drifting towards the permissive variety.

“Gentle parenting does not equate to permissiveness. It involves setting clear and consistent boundaries while offering children age-appropriate choices within those boundaries. This fosters a sense of autonomy and helps children learn to make responsible decisions” — PositivePsychology.com^∞

What is Permissive Parenting?

The permissive parenting approach is also sometimes known as ‘indulgent parenting’. With this style, parents are warm, sensitive, and emotionally responsive towards their children and, as one might expect, studies show that that’s good for them. However, permissive parenting is also associated with a lack of set boundaries and structure — and that can lead to problems. Because children of permissive parents self regulate, they may be perceived by others to be rather out of control, lacking in self-discipline, and falling short of the usual behaviour standards expected by most.

That said, children of permissive parents may turn out quite resourceful and have high self-esteem. And, because permissive parents prioritise happiness in their children, it stands to reason that they often have immense fun as they grow up. The lack of imposed boundaries can, however, be a double-edged sword — not least when it comes to things like safety, behaviour, and self-control. Indeed, some studies found that children brought up in permissive households can have disruptive behaviour and even elevated levels of aggression compared, say, to children raised in authoritative households.

“Permissive parents aren’t demanding. They don’t assign their kids many responsibilities, and they don’t encourage kids to meet adult-imposed behaviour standards. Instead, they allow — as much as possible — kids to regulate themselves.” — parentingscience.com^∞

What is Uninvolved Parenting?

Uninvolved parenting (also sometimes referred to as neglectful parenting) is associated with a disconnect between the parent and child. There is little, if any, affection, empathy, or engagement towards the child, who is left very much to their own devices. Parents do not attempt to be good role models, and there is little or no structure and guidance for the child. This may be for a variety of reasons, for example, due to parental illness, the pressures of work, lack of other support, and so on. So, rather than jump to judging uninvolved parents, it’s important to first understand the reasons behind the situation and appraise the availability of potential help.

Studies indicate that children of uninvolved parents tend to have the least positive outcomes compared to those brought up under the other parenting styles. Children may have behavioural issues, lack emotional security, have low self-esteem, and perhaps have attachment struggles. On the other side of the coin, however, learning to grow up without parental support may force them to become very independent and, through necessity, good problem solvers.

“There is overwhelming evidence that kids need parental warmth to thrive. Nurturing, responsive parenting leads to better emotional, cognitive, and behavioural outcomes.” — parentingscience.com

What is Helicopter Parenting?

The term helicopter parenting is often seen in the press and on social media. It refers to a parenting style where the parent hovers over everything a child does, intervening constantly, and being deeply involved in everything the child does. Every move is micro-managed.

While this parenting style may result in the child feeling well-supported and protected by the parent, the child has limited independence and autonomy under this style. They may even have tendencies towards a feeling of entitlement. Children of helicopter parents may not have the space to fully develop skills like problem-solving, self-reliance, resilience, confidence, independence, and learning through trial and error. Some studies even suggest an association with later incidence of anxiety and/or depression.

“This intense focus can negatively impact a child’s mental health, self-image, coping skills, and more.” — Parents.com^∞

What is Velcro Parenting?

Velcro parenting is another term that you sometimes hear about in the press and on social media. It refers to a style where the parent forms an unusually strong closeness to the child — emotionally, physically, and even socially. They constantly avoid separation from the child and, indeed, one of the results of this is that the child can sometimes reciprocate to become a ‘velcro baby’ or ‘velcro child’.

This parenting style forms close bonds between parent and child. The child is likely to feel deeply loved, nurtured, emotionally secure, and well cared for. However, an unintended consequence of this parenting style is that it can potentially lead to separation anxiety in the child, for example, when they start nursery or school. Children of velcro parents may also be lacking in skills like independence, resilience, and confidence.

“The problem emerges when parents stay too close for too long, which results in children and teens feeling less confident, more anxious and more dependent on the parent to make decisions or soothe every discomfort.” — Ann-Louise Lockhart, paediatric psychologist^∞

Final Thoughts

So, from gentle and authoritative to helicopter, velcro, permissive parenting and more, today’s quick guide should serve to help parents better understand the key parenting styles that we hear about so often. By understanding them, parents can implement approaches that optimise confidence, independence, emotional well-being, and good behaviour in their children. That said, it’s important to understand that there is no single rulebook that fits every family, child, stage of development, or situation perfectly. What works beautifully for one infant may feel completely different with a more curious toddler, or an increasingly independent preschooler, for example. Parents may therefore not fit neatly into just one category. Many of us move between styles depending on the day, our child’s age, our own energy levels and what life is throwing at us at any given time. Today’s guide to parenting styles is therefore here to support knowledge, reflection, reassurance and confidence — not perfection.

Little Acorns Nursery, Padiham

High Quality Weekday Childcare Near Burnley

If you have a baby or child under five and need a high-quality childcare service in Padiham or near Burnley, Little Acorns Nursery would make a wonderful choice. At our lovely home-from-home setting, we nurture every child to bring out the best in them — to give them the best start in life. Rated as a ‘Good Provider’ by Ofsted, the nursery also supports free childcare funding for eligible families.

Interested in a nursery place at Little Acorns, Padiham? Get in touch using one of the following options to take the first step — we’ll be delighted to hear from you:

Apply for a Place Book a Tour Message Us 01282 680 822

Our Padiham location, close to Burnley, may also suit families living nearby in Hapton, Rose Grove, Altham, Huncoat, Read, Simonstone, Sabden, Higham, or Wood End.

30 January 2026/by Mark

Children, Early Years Education, Education, Learning & Development, Nursery, Parenting, Preschoolers, Preschools, Toddlers, Under-fives

The Power of Parental Involvement in Children’s Education

There is one thing that parents can do to profoundly benefit children of any age and that is to be involved in their education. Many studies have indeed concluded that parental involvement in a child’s education has immense positive benefits for the child. What’s more, those benefits are long-term and far-reaching in their impact. Findings and statistics show that parental involvement in a child’s education supercharges the child’s success every step of the way. That series of boosts seems to snowball from nursery and preschool, through primary, junior school, secondary education, and higher education, right into adulthood. Such are the positive effects of a parent’s involvement that the benefits even extend to better career opportunities and higher earning potential once children become adults. Let’s explore, therefore, what we mean by ‘parental involvement in a child’s education’ and look in more detail at some of the key benefits to children.

What Does ‘Parental Involvement in a Child’s Education’ Mean?

Referring to the right text books, helping with homework, and helping the child understand topics are examples of areas where parents can help children at home. Parental involvement in a child’s education can take several forms. Note, however, that the benefits are most positive when parents engage right from the early years, beginning in children’s nursery and preschool years. The examples below show the kinds of parental involvement that will enhance children’s lives:

Ensuring the setting chosen for a child is the best possible fit for them. That means visiting contenders, talking with staff, asking the opinion of other parents who are already attending, checking reviews, and so on — before making your final choice. For young children starting a nursery, arranging a ‘taster’ day or ‘settling in’ session is also a great way to see how well they will fit in.
Engaging proactively with nursery and preschool staff to keep abreast of the child’s progress — and again later with teachers and tutors at the child’s schools and higher education settings. This could, for example, include discussing any challenges, achievements, areas to focus on, weaknesses, and so on. A two-way dialogue and feedback ‘loop’ gives both educational professionals and parents sight of the bigger picture. As such, this interaction is extremely powerful in its potential to help the child.
Attending parents’ evenings and open days. These are a great opportunity to catch up on the child’s progress in a more formal way, and to understand any changes, developments and perhaps new resources and opportunities that may have been introduced to the setting.
Agreeing with teaching staff on ways in which parents can support their child’s learning in specific areas of focus within the curriculum.
Applying that information in the form of help and support while the child is at home. Referring to the right textbooks, helping with homework, and helping the child understand any tricky topics are typical examples of areas where parents can help children at home.
Ensuring that the child’s Personal Development Folder or equivalent is read and contributed to. In this way, there is a two-way communication channel between the childcare or education setting and parents.
Helping children attain good verbal and written grammar as well as checking the child’s spelling will help them across all areas of their schooling — and later in adult life. Showing them how to check for themselves (e.g. via a spell-checker application on a PC) and ensuring they try to learn from spelling mistakes will also be hugely beneficial. While they’re younger, this will help them understand more topics and, ultimately, make them more employable when they’re older.
When children have formal tests coming up, parents can help them significantly by regularly testing them on knowledge of the topics under scrutiny. This will help the child understand how much information they have, or haven’t, absorbed ahead of the formal test.
As we previously reported, reading with children is hugely beneficial to their success. Studies show that reading with children under five boosts language skills by the equivalent of 8 months. So, if you really want to supercharge your child’s education and progress, read with them regularly. Follow the bold green link for more details.
Help children better focus on study and homework when at home by giving them their own study area. This needs to be in a quiet part of the house, well away from distractions like TVs and noise, so it encourages learning activity.
When children do well, praising them will encourage them to keep up the good work. It’ll give them a greater sense of achievement, and some moral support, and help instil a love for learning in them.
Don’t be over-strict, though, if they don’t get things right the first time. Children learn as much from failures as they do from successes, so even failures are a good learning opportunity (ask any successful businessman or entrepreneur — they will all agree).
Ensuring that children understand what’s expected of them is also important as a benchmark. Such expectations need to be set high but be realistic and achievable. Otherwise, they will cause unnecessary stress and be counterproductive.

“The most accurate predictor of a student’s achievement in school is not income or social status, but the extent to which that student’s family is able to: (1) Create a home environment that encourages learning; (2) Express high (but not unrealistic) expectations for their children’s achievement and future careers; and (3) Become involved in their children’s education” — (Study by Henderson & Berla)

The Benefits of Parental Involvement in Children’s Education

Let’s now look at some of the benefits that children can expect to enjoy when parents are closely involved in their education.

Many studies show incredible benefits from parental involvement in education. The study by Henderson & Berla quoted above, for example, shows that parental involvement in education is the strongest predictor of a child’s success at school, going beyond factors like income and social status. As such, it’s an incredibly powerful tool and a great to help level the playing field. A study by Meador agreed:

“Parents who invest time and place value on their children’s education will have children who are more successful in school.” — (Study by Meador)

A 2013 study by Pinantoan also concluded that students with active parents are more likely to succeed and achieve more A grades:

“Students with … parents operating in supportive roles are 52% more likely to enjoy school and get straight As than students whose parents are disengaged with what’s going on at school. This is especially the case during the earliest years of schooling, in Kindergarten through the 5th grade, when students with active parents are almost twice as likely to succeed.”

The benefits of parental involvement in education to children are numerous, though, also including the lowering of stress levels and improved knowledge, skills, outlook and outcomes. The deep and reliable source of support, together with all the other benefits, also combine to make children feel happier, have a higher quality of life, be less likely to skip lessons, be well-behaved, and have closer bonds with both parents and childcare/education staff.

Life skills like communication, problem-solving, organisation, tenacity, self-esteem, self-confidence and social skills are all improved when parents have an active involvement in education as children grow up.

Prospects are improved because of enhanced grades and a greater range and depth of skills. Through these, children gain the ability to have a wider choice of schools, higher education settings and universities, and careers as adults. Thereby, even incomes and their standard of living can be lifted. Parental involvement in education has a truly profound impact on children’s lives and we wholeheartedly support it at Little Acorns Nursery in Padiham.

Little Acorns Nursery: Your Childcare Provider in Padiham

If you are looking for a childcare service for your child in Padiham, Lancashire, do consider Little Acorns Nursery. At Little Acorns, we offer a warm, home-from-home environment where every child feels loved and valued. Our high-calibre early years professionals bring out the best in them, nurturing them in every area of their learning and development so they are set for success and ‘school-ready’ by the time they leave us.

Little Acorns Nursery supports many free childcare schemes for eligible families and may also suit those living near Hapton, Rose Grove, Burnley, Altham, Huncoat, Read, Simonstone, Sabden, Higham and Wood End. Get in touch today to register for a nursery place, arrange a guided visit, or for answers to any questions you may have: